1. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zabasiki bokugaya ukusika ezinye izinto
(1) Ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqoka: Ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, inxalenye yokusika yezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka ibe nobunzima obaneleyo bokusika kwi-workpiece;ngokuchasa okuphezulu, isixhobo asiyi kunxiba kwaye sandise ubomi benkonzo.
(2) Ukumelana nokushisa okulungileyo: Isixhobo siya kuvelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngexesha lokusika, ngakumbi xa isantya sokusika siphezulu, ukushisa kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu.Ngoko ke, izixhobo zesixhobo kufuneka zibe nokumelana nokushisa okulungileyo, nangona kubushushu obuphezulu.Isenokugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu kwaye ingaqhubeka nokusika.Le propati yobulukhuni beqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-hot hardness okanye i-red hardness.
(3) Amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okuhle: Ngethuba lenkqubo yokusika, isixhobo kufuneka simelane nefuthe elikhulu, ngoko ke isixhobo kufuneka sibe namandla aphezulu, ngaphandle koko kulula ukuphuka kunye nokulimala.Ngenxa yokuba isisiki sokusila sixhomekeke kwimpembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela, izinto zokusika izinto zokusila kufuneka zibe nokuqina okuhle ukuze kungabikho lula ukutshiphuza kunye netshiphu.
2. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubasiki bokugaya
(1) Isixhobo sensimbi esinesantya esiphezulu (esibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu, intsimbi yangaphambili, njl.), yahlulwe ngokwenjongo eqhelekileyo kunye neyona nto ikhethekileyo.Inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
a.Umxholo we-alloying elements i-tungsten, i-chromium, i-molybdenum kunye ne-vanadium iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukuqina kokucima kunokufikelela kwi-HRC62-70.Kubushushu obuphezulu obungama-6000C, isenakho ukugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu.
b.Umphetho wokusika unamandla amahle kunye nokuqina, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kwe-vibration, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izixhobo ngesantya sokusika ngokubanzi.Kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezinobungqongqo obuhlwempuzekileyo, abasiki bentsimbi besantya esiphezulu basenokusikwa kakuhle
c.Ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, ukubumba, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokulola kulula, kwaye izixhobo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo nazo zinokuveliswa.
d.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezenziwe ngesamente ye-carbide, isenayo ilahleko yobulukhuni obusezantsi, ubulukhuni obubomvu obuhlwempuzekileyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
(2) I-carbide ene-cemented: Yenziwe nge-carbide yensimbi, i-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide kunye ne-cobalt-based binder yensimbi ngenkqubo ye-powder metallurgical.Iimpawu zayo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
Inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye isenokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika malunga ne-800-10000C.Xa usika, isantya sokusika sinokuba ngamaxesha angama-4-8 aphezulu kuneyentsimbi ephezulu.Ubunzima obuphezulu kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle.Amandla okugoba aphantsi, ukuqina kwempembelelo kubi, kwaye i-blade ayilula ukuyilola.
Iicarbides ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu:
① I-tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide (YG)
Amanqanaba asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-YG3, i-YG6, i-YG8, apho amanani abonisa ipesenti yomxholo we-cobalt, umxholo we-cobalt ngakumbi, ungcono ukuqina, impembelelo enkulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-vibration, kodwa kuya kunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka.Ngoko ke, i-alloy ifanelekile ukusika isinyithi kunye nezinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukusika intsimbi erhabaxa kunye neqinile kunye neengxenye zetsimbi ezinefuthe eliphezulu.
② I-Titanium-cobalt cemented carbide (YT)
Amabanga asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yiYT5, YT15, YT30, kwaye amanani abonisa ipesenti ye-titanium carbide.Emva kokuba i-carbide enesamente iqulethe i-titanium carbide, inokunyusa ubushushu bokubambisana kwentsimbi, inciphise i-coefficient ye-friction, kwaye inyuse kancinane ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kodwa inciphisa amandla okugoba kunye nokuqina kwaye yenza iipropathi zibe brittle.Ngoko ke, ii-alloys zeKlasi zifanelekile ukusika iindawo zetsimbi.
③ Ikhabhide enesamente ngokubanzi
Yongeza isixa esifanelekileyo se-carbide yentsimbi enqabileyo, efana ne-tantalum carbide kunye ne-niobium carbide, kwezi zimbini zingasentla ialloys eziqinileyo zokucokisa iinkozo zazo kunye nokuphucula ubushushu begumbi labo kunye nokuqina kobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba, ubushushu bokubambisana kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, Inokunyusa ukuqina. yealloyi.Ke ngoko, olu hlobo lwemela ye-carbide enesamente inokusebenza okugqibeleleyo kokusika kunye nokuguquguquka.Iimpawu zayo zezi: I-YW1, i-YW2 kunye ne-YA6, njl., ngenxa yexabiso layo elibiza kakhulu, lisetyenziselwa izinto ezinzima zokuCwangcisa, ezifana nentsimbi ephezulu, intsimbi enganyangeki ukushisa, insimbi engenasici, njl.
3. Iintlobo zabasiki bemilling
(1) Ngokwemathiriyeli yenxalenye yokusika yesisiki sokusila:
a.Isantya esiphezulu sokusika intsimbi: Olu hlobo lusetyenziselwa abasiki abanzima ngakumbi.
b.Abasiki be-Carbide milling: ubukhulu becala badityanisiwe okanye babotshelelwe ngoomatshini kumzimba womsiki.
(2) Ngokwenjongo yomsiki wokusila:
a.Abasiki be-Milling ukulungiselela iinqwelomoya: abasiki be-cylindrical milling, abasiki be-end milling, njl.
b.Abasiki be-Milling for processing grooves (okanye i-step tables): ii-mill mill, i-disc milling cutters, i-saw blade milling cutters, njl.
c.Abasiki bokugaya kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo: ukwenza abasiki be-milling, njl.
(3) Ngokwesakhiwo somsiki wokusila
a.I-Sharp tooth cutter: Imilo yokusikwa komqolo wezinyo ithe tye okanye yophukile, kulula ukuyivelisa kwaye ibukhali, kwaye i-edge yokusika ibukhali.
b.I-Relief tooth milling cutter: imilo yokusikwa kwezinyo ngasemva yi-Archimedes spiral.Emva kokulola, nje ukuba i-angle ye-rake ihleli ingatshintshi, iprofayili yezinyo ayitshintshi, ekulungele ukwenza abasiki be-milling.
4. Iiparamitha eziphambili zejometri kunye nemisebenzi ye-milling cutter
(1) Igama lenxalenye nganye yesixhobo sokusika
① Inqwelomoya esisiseko: Inqwelomoya edlula kuyo nayiphi na indawo kwi-cutter kunye ne-perpendicular kwisantya sokusika kuloo ndawo.
② Ukusika indiza: indiza edlula kwi-cut cut and perpendicular to the base plane.
③ Rake ubuso: inqwelomoya apho iitshiphusi ziphuma ziphuma.
④ Umphezulu weFlenki: umphezulu ojongene nomphezulu womatshini
(2) I-angle yejometri ephambili kunye nomsebenzi we-cylindrical milling cutter
① I-engile yeRake γ0: I-engile ebandakanyiweyo phakathi kobuso beraki kunye nomgangatho wesiseko.Umsebenzi kukwenza umgca wokusika ubukhali, unciphise i-deformation yensimbi ngexesha lokusika, kwaye ukhuphe ngokulula ii-chips, ngaloo ndlela ulondoloze umsebenzi wokusika.
② I-angle yokukhulula i-α0: I-angle edibeneyo phakathi kwe-flank surface kunye nendiza yokusika.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kobuso be-flank kunye nenqwelomoya yokusika kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bomphezulu we-workpiece.
③ I-engile ye-Swivel 0: I-engile phakathi kwe-tangent kwincakuba yezinyo le-helical kunye ne-axis yesisiki sokusila.Umsebenzi kukwenza amazinyo e-cutter anqunyulwe ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye asuke kwi-workpiece, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kokusika.Kwangaxeshanye, kubasiki be-cylindrical milling, ikwanayo nefuthe lokwenza iichips ziphume kakuhle zisuka ekupheleni kobuso.
(3) I-angle yejometri ephambili kunye nomsebenzi we-mill yokugqibela
Umjikelo wokugqibela unomda wokusika wesibini, ngoko ke ukongeza kwi-engile yerake kunye ne-engile yokukhulula, kukho:
① Ukungena kwi-angle Kr: I-angle efakiweyo phakathi kwe-edge engundoqo yokusika kunye nomphezulu owenziwe ngomatshini.Utshintsho luchaphazela ubude becala lokusika eliphambili ukuba lithathe inxaxheba ekusikeni, kwaye litshintshe ububanzi kunye nobukhulu be-chip.
② I-engile yokuphambuka yesibini Krˊ: I-engile ebandakanyiweyo phakathi komphetho wokusika wesibini kunye nomphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini.Umsebenzi kukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi komgca wesibini wokusika kunye nomgangatho owenziwe ngomatshini, kwaye uchaphazele umphumo wokunciphisa umgca wesibini wokusika kwindawo yomatshini.
③ I-blade inclination λs: I-angle efakiweyo phakathi komgca wokusika oyintloko kunye nomgangatho wesiseko.Ngokukodwa dlala indima ye-oblique blade cutting.
5. Ukwenza umsiki
I-milling cutter eyenza i-milling cutter yi-milling cutter ekhethekileyo esetyenziselwa ukucubungula umgangatho wokwenza.Iprofayili yayo ye-blade idinga ukuyilwa kwaye ibalwe ngokuhambelana neprofayili yomsebenzi oza kuqhutyelwa phambili.Iyakwazi ukucubungula iindawo ezinokwakheka okuntsokothileyo kumatshini wokugaya injongo jikelele, iqinisekisa ukuba imilo iyafana, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kuphezulu., Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-batch kunye nemveliso yobuninzi.
(1) Ukwenza izixhobo zokusila zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: amazinyo atsolo namazinyo okunceda
Ukugaya kunye nokugaya kwakhona i-tooth tooth forming cutter ifuna inkosi ekhethekileyo, okunzima ukuyivelisa kunye nokulola.Izinyo ngasemva kwiprofayili yezinyo lokusika iprofayili yokusila lenziwa ngokusila ngefotsholo kunye nefotsholo kwilathe yezinyo lomhlakulo.Kuphela ubuso beraki obulolwe ngexesha lokusila kwakhona.Ngenxa yokuba ubuso beraki buthe tyaba, kulula ngakumbi ukulola.Okwangoku, i-forming cutter yokusila isebenzisa ikakhulu ifotsholo I-Tooth back structure.Izinyo ngasemva kwezinyo lokukhulula kufuneka lihlangabezane neemeko ezimbini: ①Imilo ye-cut edge ihlala ingatshintshi emva kokugaya kwakhona;②Fumana i-engile yoncedo efunekayo.
(2) Izinyo ngasemva ijiko kunye nenxaki
Icandelo lokugqibela elixhomekeke kwi-axis ye-milling cutter lenziwa ngayo nayiphi na indawo kwi-cut cut of the milling cutter.Umgca wokunqumla phakathi kwawo kunye nomphezulu wezinyo ngasemva ubizwa ngokuba yigophe langemva le-tooth back of the milling cutter.
Izinyo umva ijiko kufuneka ikakhulu ukuhlangabezana iimeko ezimbini: enye kukuba i-engile yokukhulula umsiki wokusila emva regrind nganye ngokusisiseko ayitshintshanga;enye kukuba kulula ukwenza.
Ekuphela kwegophe elinokwanelisa i-engile yokucocwa rhoqo yi-logarithmic spiral, kodwa kunzima ukuyenza.I-Archimedes spiral inokwanelisa imfuno yokuba i-engile yokucoca ayitshintshanga, kwaye kulula ukuyivelisa kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda.Ke ngoko, i-Archimedes spiral isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso njengeprofayile yezinyo ngasemva kwigophe le-milling cutter.
Ukususela kulwazi lwejometri, i-vector radius ρ ixabiso lenqaku ngalinye kwi-Archimedes spiral liyanyuka okanye liyancipha ngokulinganayo ngokunyuka okanye ukuncipha kwe-engile yokujika θ yeradiyasi ye-vector.
Ke ngoko, okoko nje indibaniselwano yentshukumo ejikelezayo yesantya esiqhubekayo kunye nentshukumo ethe gqolo yesantya somgca ecaleni kwendlela yeradiyasi, iArchimedes spiral inokufumaneka.
Ibonakaliswe kwizilungelelanisi zepolar: xa θ=00, ρ=R, (R yiradiyasi yesisiki sokusila), xa θ>00, ρ
Inxaki jikelele yomva wesisiki sokusila ngu: ρ=R-CQ
Ukucinga ukuba i-blade ayibuyi umva, ngoko ngalo lonke ixesha i-milling cutter ijikeleza i-angle ye-inter-tooth ε=2π/z, isixa sezinyo se-blade ngu-K. Ukuziqhelanisa noku, ukuphakama kwekhamera kufuneka kwakhona kube yi-K. Ukuze wenze i-blade ihambe ngesantya esingaguqukiyo, ijika elijika kwicam kufuneka libe yi-Archimedes spiral, ngoko kulula ukuyenza.Ukongeza, ubungakanani bekhamera bumiselwa kuphela ngexabiso lokuthengisa lomhlakulo K, kwaye alinanto yakwenza nenani lamazinyo kunye ne-angle yokucoca i-dameter cutter.Ngethuba nje imveliso kunye neentengiso zilingana, ikhamera ingasetyenziswa jikelele.Esi sisizathu sokuba i-Archimedes spirals isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimiva yezinyo kwizinyo lokukhulula lenza izisiki zokusila.
Xa iradiyasi engu-R ye-milling cutter kunye nexabiso lokusika i-K liyaziwa, i-C inokufumaneka:
Xa θ=2π/z, ρ=RK
Emva koko RK=R-2πC /z ∴ C = Kz/2π
6. Iziganeko eziya kwenzeka emva kokuba i-milling cutter idlulisiwe
1Njengoko ubushushu beechips buphakama, umbala weechips uba mfusa kwaye uyatshaya.
(2) Uburhabaxa bomgangatho ocwangcisiweyo womsebenzi womsebenzi buhlwempuzeke kakhulu, kwaye kukho iindawo eziqaqambileyo kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza esinamanqaku okukrala okanye amaza.
(3) Inkqubo yokusila ivelisa ukungcangcazela okukhulu kakhulu kunye nengxolo engaqhelekanga.
(4) Xa kujongwe ukumila kongqameko lwemela, kukho amabala amhlophe abengezelayo kumphetho wemela.
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(6) Iingxenye zetsimbi zokugaya kunye ne-high-speed steel milling cutters, ezifana nokuthambisa ioli kunye nokupholisa, kuya kuvelisa umsi omningi.
Xa i-milling cutter idluliswa, kufuneka uyeke kwaye ujonge ukunxiba kwe-milling cutter ngexesha.Ukuba ukunxiba kuncinci, unokulola umphetho wokusika nge-oilstone kwaye uyisebenzise;ukuba isinxibo sinzima, kufuneka usilole ukunqanda ukuguga ngokugqithisileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-23-2021